Seven Days in New Crete by Robert Graves

Seven Days in New Crete is the story of a week in the life of Edward Venn-Thomas, who awakens in the far future, having been magically transported there by a coven of witches.  Here he finds a peaceful and prosperous society based on five distinct castes - there is a place for everyone, and everyone is in his/her place.  War has been transformed into a robust but harmless ball game played on Tuesday afternoons.  The problem with New Crete (as the society is called) is that it contains no real challenges or dangers, and the citizens are dull, unenterprising and unimaginative.  With the arrival of Venn-Thomas, all that is about to change.

Seven Days in New Crete was one of the first sci-fi books I ever read, and for this reason it has a special place in my heart. Graves has Venn-Thomas narrate the story in first person.  The story-telling is masterful, even if the tale is a bit weak.  Graves presents us with an intriguing future society.  Like Aldous Huxley did with Brave New World, Graves questions the value of a civilisation that is conformist and risk-free, and finds that it is not one worth having.  His problem, then, is how to rehumanise such a bland and ovine society.  The answer is: by re-introducing the seven deadly sins.

Graves wrote Seven Days in New Crete in 1949.  Its original readership would have been used to a world of shortages due to the Great Depression and WWII.  For them, an imagined world of peace and plenty may have played to their desires, and yet Graves' message is that evil and conflict are necessary if humans are to flourish.  Now that we in the West live in a society of plenty rather than scarcity, we may not be so easily shocked by Graves' thesis.  The question is: do we agree with him?

Publishing details: Seven Days in New Crete by Robert Graves (Quartet Books, London, 1975, pp.281)

Notes From Underground by F. Dostoyevsky

This story, first published in 1864, is considered by many - including Jean Paul Sartre - to be one of the first exemplars of existential thought in modern literature.

The story is told by an anonymous narrator, 40 years of age and living in St Petersburg, who initially says of himself: "I am a sick man ... I am an angry man. I am an unattractive man."  He also tells us that he is a thinker more concerned with "the highest and the best" sentiments than are his peers.

The narrator divides his story into two parts.  The first part occupies about a third of the whole.  In it the narrator ranges over a  number of philosophical and rhetorical questions, such as action and inaction, free will and determinism, and the nature of revenge.  In the second part, the narrator tells of a series of incidents that occurred over two days and nights when he was twenty years of age.  He reacquaints himself with some old school chums with whom he was never close and quarrels with them, then he disillusions a young woman about her prospects for a happy life.

By the end of the story, we find that the narrator, despite his knowledge of "the highest and the best", is unable to live up to his own high standards or live down to those of others - he is paralysed by inaction, which he fully recognises, and this leads him to be consumed with spiteful thoughts.

Shakespeare's Cassius was lean and hungry and thought too much, and "such men are dangerous".  Not always.  While Cassius was able to effect the assassination of Julius Caesar, the equally lean, hungry and pensive narrator can do no more than gnaw at his old wounds in a self-imposed exile from society - in his "underground".

This edition of Notes from Underground was translated by Jessie Coulson.  Coulson has managed to give us a text that is lively and contemporary in feel.  In a mercifully short 150 pages, Dostoyevsky has managed to give us a masterful insight into the psychology of a man who thinks too much and does too little.

Publishing details: Notes From Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Penguin, London, 2010, pp.152